SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Monteiro,Alexandre de Almeida; Pires Neto,Renata; Persson,Søren; Rodrigues Filho,Edison Moraes; Pasqualotto,Alessandro Comarú.

Toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile may be disseminating. Here we prospectively screened patients with nosocomial diarrhoea in two hospitals in Brazil. To identify C. difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotypes 027/078 strains, we used high resolution melting and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Among 116 screened patients, 11 were positive for C. difficile. The polymerase chain reaction ribotypes 027/078 strains were not identified in this study.

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report

Palavras-chave: Multiplex-PCR; Clostridium difficile; HRM; Toxin gene profiling.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000600672

Analysis of risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with Clostridium difficile disease in Serbian hospitalized patients

Predrag,Stojanović.

Abstract Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors important for the development of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease and clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. The clinical trial group included 37 hospitalized patients who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. A control group of 74 hospitalized patients was individually matched with cases based on hospital, age (within 4 years), sex and month of admission.Clostridium difficile-associated disease most commonly manifested as diarrhoea (56.76%) and colitis (32%), while in 8.11% of patients, it was diagnosed as pseudomembranous colitis,...

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Brazilian Clostridium difficile strains determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Hospital-acquired diarrhoea; Risk factors; Serbia.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000400902

Fraga,Edmir Geraldo; Nicodemo,Antonio Carlos; Sampaio,Jorge Luiz Mello.

Abstract Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients worldwide. While metronidazole and vancomycin are the most prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of this infection, teicoplanin, tigecycline and nitazoxanide are alternatives drugs. Knowledge on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles is a basic step to differentiate recurrence from treatment failure due to antimicrobial resistance. Because C. difficile antimicrobial susceptibility is largely unknown in Brazil, we aimed to determine the profile of C. difficile strains cultivated from stool samples of inpatients with diarrhea and a positive toxin A/B test using both agar dilution and disk diffusion methods. All 50 strains tested were sensitive to metronidazole according...

Clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile cultivated from stool samples of hospitalized patients

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Disk diffusion; Agar dilution; Susceptibility testing.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000500476

Stojanovic,Predrag; Kocic,Branislava; Stojanovic,Miodrag; Miljkovic-Selimovic,Biljana; Tasic,Suzana; Miladinovic-Tasic,Natasa; Babic,Tatjana.

The aim of this study was to fortify the clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from stool samples of hospitalized patients. This survey included 80 hospitalized patients with diarrhea and positive findings of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, and 100 hospitalized patients with formed stool as a control group. Bacteriological examination of a stool samples was conducted using standard microbiological methods. Stool sample were inoculated directly on nutrient media for bacterial cultivation (blood agar using 5% sheep blood, Endo agar, selective Salmonella Shigella agar, Selenite-F broth, CIN agar and Skirrow's medium), and to selective cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA) (Biomedics,...

Clostridium difficile contamination in retail meat products in Brazil

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Diarrhea; Toxins.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000100023

Pires,Renata N.; Caurio,Cassia F.B.; Saldanha,Gabriele Z.; Martins,Andreza F.; Pasqualotto,Alessandro C..

ABSTRACT Introduction Clostridium difficile is an important cause of diarrhoea, particularly in patients receiving antibiotic therapy. Recent studies have shown that a substantial proportion of C. difficile infections are acquired in the community, as a zoonotic disease. Brazil is a large exporter of meat and so far no study has evaluated meat contamination with C. difficile spores. Methods Here we analysed 80 retail meat products purchased from local supermarkets in a Brazilian metropolis (Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil). Samples from these products were grown in anaerobic conditions, and tested with a real time polymerase chain reaction test. Results Contamination with C. difficile spores was not found in the study. Bacteria isolated from meat included...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Retail meat; Community-acquired infection; Beef; Food contamination.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702018000400345

Clostridium difficile outbreak caused by NAP1/BI/027 strain and non-027 strains in a Mexican hospital

Morfin-Otero,Rayo; Garza-Gonzalez,Elvira; Aguirre-Diaz,Sara A.; Escobedo-Sanchez,Rodrigo; Esparza-Ahumada,Sergio; Perez-Gomez,Hector R.; Petersen-Morfin,Santiago; Gonzalez-Diaz,Esteban; Martinez-Melendez,Adrian; Rodriguez-Noriega,Eduardo.

Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infections caused by the NAP1/B1/027 strain are more severe, difficult to treat, and frequently associated with relapses. Methods A case–control study was designed to examine a C. difficileinfection (CDI) outbreak over a 12-month period in a Mexican hospital. The diagnosis of toxigenic CDI was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR (Cepheid Xpert C. difficile/Epi). Results During the study period, 288 adult patients were evaluated and 79 (27.4%) patients had confirmed CDI (PCR positive). C. difficilestrain NAP1/B1/027 was identified in 31 (39%) of the patients with confirmed CDI (240 controls were included). Significant risk factors for CDI included any underlying disease (p < 0.001), prior...

Detection of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B, and isolation of Clostridium difficile in piglets in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Outbreak; 027 strain; Mexico.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000100008

Ciência Rural

Silva,Rodrigo Otávio Silveira; Salvarani,Felipe Masiero; Cruz Júnior,Eduardo Coulaud da Costa; Pires,Prhiscylla Sadanã; Santos,Renata Lara Resende; Assis,Ronnie Antunes de; Guedes,Roberto Maurício de Carvalho; Lobato,Francisco Carlos Faria.

Clostridium difficile has emerged as a major cause of neonatal colitis in piglets, displacing classic bacterial pathogens. However, there is no information regarding the distribution of this microorganism in pig farms in Brazil. In the present study, the presence of toxins A/B and of C. difficile strains in stool samples from 60 diarrheic or non-diarrheic newborn piglets (one to seven days old), from 15 different farms, was studied. The presence of toxins A/B was detected by ELISA and PCR was used to identify toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin gene in each isolated strain. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected in ten samples (16.7%). Of these, seven were from diarrheic and three were from non-diarrheic piglets. C. difficile was recovered from 12 out of 60...

Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin testing

Palavras-chave: Neonatal diarrhea; Clostridium difficile; Enteritis; Colitis.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782011000800021

Özsoy,Sevim; İlki,Arzu.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the association between Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and efficacy of screening stools submitted for C. difficile toxin assay for prevalence of VRE. Between April 2012 and February 2014, 158 stool samples submitted for C. difficile toxin to the Marmara University Microbiology Laboratory, were included in the study. Stool samples were analyzed by enzyme immuno assay test; VIDAS (bioMerieux, France) for Toxin A&B. Samples were inoculated on chromID VRE (bioMerieux, France) and incubated 24 h at 37 °C. Manuel tests and API20 STREP (bioMerieux, France) test were used to identify the Enterococci species. After the species identification, vancomycin and...

Factors associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a hospital in Beijing, China

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Enterococci; Vancomycin resistance (VRE); Colonization.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822017000300489

BJMBR

Lv,Z.; Peng,G.L.; Su,J.R..

Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in patients treated with antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and other drugs that alter the normal equilibrium of the intestinal flora. A better understanding of the risk factors for C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) could be used to reduce the incidence of CDAD and the costs associated with its treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for CDAD in a cohort of Chinese patients in a Beijing hospital. Medical charts of a total of 130 inpatients (62 males and 68 females) with hospital-acquired diarrhea (45 with CDAD; 85 without CDAD) were retrospectively reviewed. C. difficile toxins A and B were detected in fecal samples using enzyme-linked...

Increasing rates of Clostridium difficile infection in Mexican hospitals

Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Clostridium difficile; Glycopeptides.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2014001201085

Dávila,Laura Palau; Garza-González,Elvira; Rodríguez-Zulueta,Patricia; Morfín-Otero,Rayo; Rodríguez-Noriega,Eduardo; Vilar-Compte,Diana; Rodríguez-Aldama,Juan C.; Camacho-Ortiz,Adrián.

Abstract Introduction The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed in the last two decades. There is a lack of information regarding incidence and severity of CDI, especially in the developing world. Methods This was a retrospective and observational study from four hospitals of three Mexican cities. Patients were diagnosed with CDI when presented with loose stools and had at least one of the following tests positive: toxins assay, real-time PCR, or an endoscopic image compatible with pseudomembranous colitis. CDI was classified according to international guidelines. Demographic and clinical data as well as information regarding total hospital admissions, total length-of-hospital stay, and other variables related to...

Isolation of recombinant antibodies directed against surface proteins of Clostridium difficile

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Hospital acquired infections; Hospital diarrhea; Infection rates.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000500530

Shirvan,Ali Nazari; Aitken,Robert.

Abstract Clostridium difficile has emerged as an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen and the prime causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. In addition to toxins A and B, immunological studies using antisera from patients infected with C. difficile have shown that a number of other bacterial factors contribute to the pathogenesis, including surface proteins, which are responsible for adhesion, motility and other interactions with the human host. In this study, various clostridial targets, including FliC, FliD and cell wall protein 66, were expressed and purified. Phage antibody display yielded a large panel of specific recombinant antibodies, which were expressed, purified and characterised....

Nosocomial diarrhea in the intensive care unit

Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Recombinant antibody; Phage display.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000200394

Marcon,Ana Paula; Gamba,Mônica Antar; Vianna,Lucila Amaral Carneiro.

We made an epidemiological case-control study to examine risk factors for the development of diarrhea in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital in Santo André, SP, from January to October 2002. Forty-nine patients with diarrhea (cases) and 49 patients without diarrhea (controls), matched for age and gender, were included in the study. A stool culture and enzyme immunoassays for Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were performed on fecal specimens from diarrhea patients. Fourteen of them presented positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 22 patients presented positive ELISA for Clostridium diffícile. Nosocomial diarrhea was associated with several factors, including use of antibiotics (P=0.001), use of ceftriaxone (P=0.001), presence of...

Padronização de um modelo de infecção por Clostridium difficile em hamsters sírios Mesocricetus auratus

Palavras-chave: Nosocomial infections; Diarrhea; Antibiotics; Intensive care; Clostridium difficile.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702006000600005

Ciência Rural

Silva,Rodrigo Otávio Silveira; Guedes,Roberto Maurício Carvalho; Gabardo,Michelle de Paula; Oliveira Junior,Carlos Augusto; Salvarani,Felipe Masiero; Pires,Prhiscylla Sadanã; Alves,Guilherme Guerra; Lobato,Francisco Carlos Faria.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi padronizar um modelo de infecção por Clostridium difficile (ICD) em hamsters sírios (Mesocricetus auratus). Para seleção dos isolados capazes de causar letalidade, cinco animais por grupo receberam uma dose de clindamicina (30mg kg-1) por gavagem. Após 48 horas, administraram-se 107 unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), por animal, de quatro diferentes isolados toxigênicos de C. difficile. Selecinou-se um dos isolados capazes de causar diarreia e letalidade e administrou-se 4x102; 4x104; 4x106; 4x108UFC por animal, novamente com cinco hamsters por grupo. Em todas as diluições testadas, foi possível observar a ocorrência de diarreia e morte. A maior concentração testada (4x108UFC por animal) causou óbito de 100% dos...